HCDS Chapters 9-14 continued All comments are due by the end of the day on May 10

20. What are the 2 main objectives of this chapter 12?
21.What are the 3 major cornerstones of health care delivery?
22.What is meant by the term "health care costs"?  Describe the 3 different meaning of the term"cost".
23.Why should the US control the rising cost of health care?
24.Name and describe the 9 major factors to the high costs of health care.
25.What is third party payment/reimbursement?
26.Explain how under imperfect market conditions, both prices and quantities of health care are higher than they would be in a highly competitive market.
27. Discuss price controls and their effectiveness in controlling health care expenditures.
28. What does access to care mean?  What are the implications of access for health and health care delivery?
29.What are some of the implications of the definition of quality proposed by the Institute of Medicine? In what way is the definition incomplete?
30.Discuss the dimensions of quality from the micro- and macro- perspectives.
31.Discuss the main developments in process improvement that have occurred in recent years.
32. What is health policy?  How can health policies be used as regulatory or allocative tools?
33. What are the principle features of the US health policy?  Why do these features characterise US health policy?
34.Identify health care interest groups and their concerns.
35.What is the important decentralized role of the  states?
36. What is the policy of legislative health policy in the US?How is this process related to the principle features of  US health policy?
37.Describe the critical policy issues related to access to care,cost of care and quality of care.
38.What do you think the future of health policy will look like in the US?
39.What are some of the recommendations for making the current health care system more adaptable to address the growing need for chronic care?
40.What is evidence based medicine?

HCDS Questions Chapters 9-14 All comments are due by the end of the day on May 10.

1.What is capitation? How does this payment arrangement share risks with providers.
2.Explain the growth of managed care that began in the 1980s.
3. What is gatekeeping?  Explain briefly how it works.
4.How do PPOs mainly differ from HMOs?
5. What are ADLs and IADLs?  What purpose do they serve in long term care?
6.Briefly describe how the holistic model of health in long term care delivery incoporates physical, social, mental, and spiritual elements.
7.Discuss the role of case management in long term care delivery.
8. How can nursing care facilities enhance the patients' quality of life?
9.Describe the type of clients for whom skille nursing care would be most appropriate.
10. What is a vulnerability model?  What are the distinctive characteristics of this model?
11. What are the racial/ethnic minority categories in the United States?
12.Compared with white Americans, what are the health challenges faced by minorities?
13. Who are the AAPIs?
14. Which childhood characteristics have implications for health care design?
15. What are the challenges in rural health?
16. Who tend to be uninsured?
17.What are the characteristics and health concerns of the homeless population?
18.How is mental health provided in the US?
19. What causes AIDS? What are some of the widely recognized risk factor that promote transmission of HIV?  How expensive is the treatment for AIDS??

HCDS: chapters 6,7, & 8

More questions!!

11.Which main factor was responsible for transforming almshouses into hospitals in which medical services became available? Elaborate your answer by giving some examples.
12.What role did the prospective payment system play on the downsizing of U.S. hospitals?

13.A 300-bed hospital had to take 120 beds out of service due to low utilization. In 2007, this hospital had 48,000 patient days. Calculate the average daily census and the occupancy rate in 2003.

14.Explain the two main principles of ethics discussed in the text. Explain the composition and role of an ethics committee.

HCDS Chaperst 6,7, & 8

More questions.  There will be at least 3 posts for questions from these chapters.

6.The term "ambulatory care" is used interchangeably with "outpatient services." Explain the difference.

7. What is alternative medicine? What role does it play in the delivery of health care?
8.Why is the hospital emergency department sometimes used for nonurgent conditions?  What are the consequences?
9.Describe the scope of public health ambulatory services in the U.S..
10.Discuss the gatekeeping role of primary care.

ADVANCE for Health Careers Resource Guide

CHECK IT OUT!!!

This may be a helpful publication for you.


http://health-care-jobs.advanceweb.com/sharedresources/EBook/2011/February/AC022111/AC022111_interactive.pdf

HCDS Chapters 6,7,8

Greetings!!! You have had a 2 week break.  Now it is time to get back in the swing of things.  The following Questions are from chapters 6,7,& 8.  Have fun!!!!!!!

1. What is meant by financing? What are its desirable and undesirable effects.

2.Why are managed care plans regarded as health insurance? How do managed care plans differ from traditional insurance?

3.Discuss the payment method and risk sharing under capitation.

4.Discuss the prospective payment system under DRGs.

5  Define outpatient care. What are several key changes that have been instrumental in shifting the balance between inpatient and outpatient services.

HCDS Chapter 5

Questions are due by Saturday. I have 4 comments.  That is not good!!!!! Let's get with it!!!!

QUESTIONS CHAPTER 5 HCDS

Below are the questions for Chapter 5 HCDS.  Answers are due by the end of the day on Saturday.  Those students who are sending answers to me via email need to respond on the BLOG.  Comments are moderated and will not be posted until Sunday or Monday.  If your responses are lengthy, it may take more than 1 comment.


1.  Although medical technology brings numerous benefits, what have been some of the main challenges posed by the growing use of medical technology in the US?

2. What main types of information technology applications are used in health care delivery?

3. How do American cultural beliefs and values influence the use of medical technology?

4. What outcomes may suggest technology's positive impact on quality of life?

Questions for Chapter 4 HCDS

Please answer the following questions with comments by Saturday at the end of the day.  I will not reveal comments until Sunday or Monday in order for each student to do these questions without benefit of reading others answers.

1. What are the 2 major objectives of this chapter?

2. Explain why the health care sector of the US economy continues to grow.

3.What are the primary distinctions between primary care and speciality care?  And why is there an imbalance between the 2?

4. Why is there a geographic maldistribution of the physician labor force in the US and what measures have been or can be employed to overcome problems related to this maldistribution and imbalance?

5.  Describe the major types of health service professionals (physicians, nurses, dentists, pharmacists, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, certified nurse midwives), including their roles, training, practice requirements and practice settings.

HCDS: Chapter 3 Historical Overview of U.S. Health Care Delivery

The questions for Chapter 3 are below.  Please review the way the answers for the previous questions were written.  Work on your writing skills. 

 1. Which factor or factors have been predominant in shaping U.S. health care?  What have been their effects?

2.  Describe the two main types of medical institutions that existed in preindustrial America.

3.  How did health insurance in the U.S. become employer-based without government mandates?
Answers are due by Saturday March 5th.

Health Care Delivery Systems Answers to Last Week's Questions

The answers are below.  Take a look at what is expected in your response.  Many of you did not expound enough in your answers. I have printed all of your responses.  If you did not complete this assignment by Friday, you will get a zero.  Look for chapter 3 questions tonight or tomorrow.  Your responses are due by Saturday.


1.National health insurance is a tax-supported mechanism in which the government guarantees a basic package of health services to all citizens.  The government finances health care through tax dollars, but the actual care is delivered by private providers. In a national health system, in addition to financing a basic health package, the government also manages the infrastructure for the delivery of medical care. Under such a system, most of the medical institutions are operated by the government; health care providers, such as physicians, are government employees. Essentially, a national health system is a national health insurance program, but it goes one step further in managing the infrastructure as well


2.These characteristics are: 1) no central governing agency; little integration and coordination 2) technology driven and focusing on acute care 3) high on cost, unequal in access, and average in outcome 4) quasi/imperfect market conditions 5) government as subsidiary to the private sector 6) market justice vs. social justice: conflict through health care 7) multiple players and balance of power 8) quest for integration and accountability.

3. The first goal is to propose a holistic approach to health care delivery that focuses on curative medicine, health promotion, and disease prevention. The second goal is to further explore the issue of equity in the distribution of health services using the contrasting theories of market justice and social justice in U.S. Health Care Delivery.

4.Discuss the definitions of health presented in this chapter in terms of their implications for the health delivery system

Within the framework of the medical model, health has been viewed as the absence of illness or disease. Alleviation of symptoms is often the goal of medical interventions. The implication is that the health delivery system emphasizes diagnosis and treatment rather than prevention of disease. Similarly, health promotion would not be considered a responsibility of the health delivery system. A person's ability to perform social roles and tasks is sometimes viewed as health. However, a person may be able to perform certain social tasks in spite of being sick. On the other hand, when there is a concern that a sick individual may infect others or make his or her condition worse, the individual is generally asked to stay home from work or school and seek medical attention. After an illness or disability, people can generally return to work or school only with a physician's approval. In this case, health is generally associated only with physical well-being. Placement of emphasis on both physical and mental aspects of health would result in a better balance in the delivery of both physical and mental health services. The definition proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) goes beyond the medical and social models in emphasizing a complete state of well-being. From the health delivery perspective, it advocates achieving a balance between the physical, mental, and social aspects of life. Since the social aspects of health extend beyond the individual level, this definition implies that the health care delivery system would go beyond individual health and take responsibility for the health of entire communities and populations. The holistic view of health adds a fourth dimension of spiritual well-being to the definition proposed by WHO. A person' s spirituality can have a positive impact on the individual's overall health. This dimension has become important in several areas of health care delivery such as end-of-life care and long-term care. Caregivers need to recognize this aspect of health and respect a patient's religious and spiritual beliefs. The holistic approach to health also alludes to the need to incorporate alternative therapies into the predominant medical model.

Health Care Delivery Systems Chapters 1 & 2

Please discuss the following questions.  These questions refer to chapters 1 & 2.  For this first exercise there are 2 questions per chapter.  This does not cover all of the material but will give you a good start.  Think about what is being asked before you decide to answer. Also, go back and reread the material.  These questions are open until Friday 2/25.  Once all responses are received I will print your responses.  If responses are late, no grade. I will post the answers over the weekend.

1.What is the difference between national health insurance (NHI) and national health system (NHS)?

2. What are the 8 characteristics of the U.S. health care system?

3. What are the two major goals of chapter 2?
4. Discuss the definitions of health presented in this chapter in terms of their implications for the health delivery system.